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D11

Factory/logistics scene object detection (COCO bbox; 5 classes). Category B, task T-B5b, in the unified Smart-Manufacturing SFT schema.

The repository name is an internal task code. See Provenance below for the underlying dataset.

Records

5,097 records (train=2820 · validation=2277).

Unified SFT schema

field	type	meaning
`query`	str	the question / instruction (model input)
`image`	Image	the input image (bytes embedded)
`annot`	str	the answer — for this dataset: one line per detected object, `class,[x, y, width, height]` — exactly what the query asks for. Coordinates are NATIVE-pixel COCO xywh: top-left origin, [x, y, width, height] at the original image resolution — NOT xyxy, NOT normalized. Most grounding-capable VLMs use a different convention (norm-1000 xyxy, y-first PaliGemma/Gemini orders, Qwen2.5-VL resized-absolute); convert per student model before grounding-training — see `common/box_convert.py` in `AI4Manufacturing/forge_model`
`reasoning`	null	no native CoT in these datasets
`cate`	"B"	SFT category
`task`	"T-xx"	unified task id
`metadata`	str (JSON)	split, provenance, `image_path`, `image_sha256` (dedup key)
`mask`	Image \| null	(T-B1/T-B2 only) the pixel ground-truth mask, bytes embedded
`masks`	list[Image]	(D21 only) multi-region masks

Provenance

Underlying dataset: LOCO (tum-fml). Upstream license: CC0 1.0 (this card is license: other; respect the upstream terms). Converted read-only from the raw source into the unified schema; conversion script: D11/convert_d11.py, published with publish/push_to_hf.py, both in AI4Manufacturing/forge_model.

Overlap / de-duplication (§8)

Shares its image pool with the derived VQA set AI4Manufacturing/D11-QA-annotated (3,609 of these 5,097 images carry QA records; as of D11-QA v2, 2026-07-07, both datasets use the official LOCO v1 split, so train/validation sides agree — training on one set's train split never touches the other's validation images). Official LOCO v1 split (subsets 1&4=validation, 2/3/5=train); each record's source subset is in metadata.subset. Each record carries metadata.image_sha256 so overlapping images can be kept entirely on one side of a train/eval split.

Geometry (`metadata.geometry`)

Every record carries a geometry block inside the existing metadata JSON string, so that its gold can be re-derived at any render size. No schema column changed; existing loaders are unaffected.

Coordinates are native pixels of the image in that record. scale is 1.0 throughout — this repo publishes at source resolution, nothing was downscaled at publish time.

"geometry": {
  "image_wh":  [W, H],        // dims of the image in THIS record
  "source_wh": [W, H],        // dims of the original source image
  "scale": 1.0,               // image_wh / source_wh; < 1.0 would disclose a publish-time downscale
  "n_instances": 2,
  "instances": [
    { "instance_id": 1, "bbox_xywh": [x, y, w, h], "min_side_px": 65, "class": null }
  ],
  "n_dropped_subminimum": 0,  // components removed by the filters below
  "union_box_fallback": false,// true => boxes are per-class unions, NOT real instances
  "conventions": { ... }      // see table
}

instances is present even when empty. [] means the record genuinely has no defects; an absent block would mean geometry could not be recovered. Those are different states and are never conflated.

Conventions used to derive it

There is no universal definition of "one defect instance" — it depends on the mask the source shipped. This repo's is stated, not implied:

field	value
`algorithm`	`source_annotation`
`binarisation`	`n/a`
`connectivity`	`4`
`merge`	`none`
`min_area_px`	`0`
`max_instances`	`None`
`artifact`	`fine`
`fill_floor`	`None`
`legibility_floor_px`	`None`
`min_side_floor_px`	`None`
`spec_sha`	`16a44c64a0c2e609`

Provenance and verification


records	5,097
carrying a geometry block	5,097 / 5,097
instances per record	`1`: 203, `2`: 192, `3`: 142, `4`: 139, `5+`: 4,421
total instances	151,428
image dimensions	1920×1080 (1,655), 1280×720 (1,460), 640×480 (805)
`scale` values present	[1.0]

Derived from the AI4Manufacturing/193 masks and verified against this repo's own published answers before it was written — a recomputation that disagreed with the shipped gold would have aborted the update rather than overwritten it.

⚠ The floor is measured at NATIVE; the model renders smaller

min_side_px is in native pixels, and the legibility floor is stated against native. A patch-based VLM does not render at native size, and not only because of the megapixel cap: Qwen2-VL's processor also snaps each dimension to a multiple of 28. Measured on this repo:


native → rendered (qwen2_vl @ 2.36MP)	640×480 → 644×476, 1280×720 → 1288×728, 1280×800 → 1288×812
shipped boxes	151,428
clear 16px at native but FAIL it at the render	382 (0.3%)

Those boxes carry a legibility guarantee that does not hold for the image the model actually sees. Nothing in the data is wrong — the geometry is native and complete — but a consumer computing legibility as min_side_px >= 16 will disagree with the render on exactly those. Use forge_model/<family>/adapt.py, which applies the floor at the target size.

Using it

Coordinates only stay correct if they are rescaled with the image. A patch-based VLM does not render at native size: Qwen2-VL's processor snaps both dimensions to a multiple of 28, so a 1600×256 strip is rendered 1596×252 and native-pixel boxes are then wrong by a few pixels. forge_model/193/adapt.py regenerates coordinates for a target render size, re-derives counts, and drops records whose gold no longer holds there. {MARK_B}

Geometry (`metadata.geometry`)

Coordinates are native pixels of the image in that record. scale is 1.0 throughout — this repo publishes at source resolution, nothing was downscaled at publish time.

"geometry": {
  "image_wh":  [W, H],        // dims of the image in THIS record
  "source_wh": [W, H],        // dims of the original source image
  "scale": 1.0,               // image_wh / source_wh; < 1.0 would disclose a publish-time downscale
  "n_instances": 2,
  "instances": [
    { "instance_id": 1, "bbox_xywh": [x, y, w, h], "min_side_px": 65, "class": null }
  ],
  "n_dropped_subminimum": 0,  // components removed by the filters below
  "union_box_fallback": false,// true => boxes are per-class unions, NOT real instances
  "conventions": { ... }      // see table
}

Conventions used to derive it

There is no universal definition of "one defect instance" — it depends on the mask the source shipped. This repo's is stated, not implied:

field	value
`algorithm`	`source_annotation`
`binarisation`	`n/a`
`connectivity`	`4`
`merge`	`none`
`min_area_px`	`0`
`max_instances`	`None`
`artifact`	`fine`
`fill_floor`	`None`
`legibility_floor_px`	`None`
`min_side_floor_px`	`None`
`spec_sha`	`16a44c64a0c2e609`

Provenance and verification


records	5,097
carrying a geometry block	5,097 / 5,097
instances per record	`1`: 203, `2`: 192, `3`: 142, `4`: 139, `5+`: 4,421
total instances	151,428
image dimensions	1920×1080 (1,655), 1280×720 (1,460), 640×480 (805)
`scale` values present	[1.0]

⚠ The 16px floor applies at the RENDER, not at native

min_side_px is in native pixels. The model does not see native: Qwen2-VL caps by megapixels AND snaps each dimension to a multiple of 28. So min_side_px >= 16 is the floor tested in the wrong frame. Measured on this repo:


native → rendered (qwen2_vl @ 2.36MP)	640×480 → 644×476, 1280×720 → 1288×728, 1280×800 → 1288×812
shipped boxes	151,428
legible at that render (>=16px there)	128,009 (84.5%)

⚠ An earlier version of this section reported the inverse — boxes clearing 16px at native and failing at the render — and that number was misleading. It is frame-relative: publishing at a larger native size lets more boxes clear 16 in the published frame, so more can "fail", which penalises exactly the choice that helps. Measured on 179: publishing native (3024) means a box needs >=32px native to be legible at the render and 86.7% qualify; the previous 1024 publish needed >=47px native and only 69.5% qualified. The native republish improved rendered legibility by 17 points while the old metric scored it as 12.5% "broken". The figure above is the comparable one.

Nothing in the data is frame-dependent — geometry is native and complete. Use forge_model/<family>/adapt.py, which applies the floor at whatever size the consumer renders.

Using it

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D11

Records

Unified SFT schema

Provenance

Overlap / de-duplication (§8)

Geometry (metadata.geometry)

Conventions used to derive it

Provenance and verification

⚠ The floor is measured at NATIVE; the model renders smaller

Using it

Geometry (metadata.geometry)

Conventions used to derive it

Provenance and verification

⚠ The 16px floor applies at the RENDER, not at native

Using it

Geometry (`metadata.geometry`)

Geometry (`metadata.geometry`)